{"id":7578,"date":"2023-03-27T04:22:12","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T02:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=7578"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:18:56","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:18:56","slug":"sexual-violence-10-years-of-case-studies-in-a-hospital-in-northern-italy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2564\/","title":{"rendered":"Sexual violence: 10 years of case studies in a hospital in Northern Italy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"type\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"value\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2564<\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Francesca Maghin<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-8698<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Michele Campagnari<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Hygiene and preventive medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-1576<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Giuseppe Ricca<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Social Service of ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7105-205X<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Adelaide Conti<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5553-2053<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><em>Background:<\/em>\u00a0In the past twenty years, the fight against sexual violence has become a common goal of the entire European Union, due to a greater socio-cultural awareness of the population and the need to create guidelines for common action. Italian Law no. 66 of February 15, 1996 regarding the \u201cRules against sexual violence\u201d which, with the appropriate amendments, is still in force today, defines 3 types of sexual offenses through the articles 609 of the Penal Code.<\/p>\n<p><em>Design and Methods:<\/em>\u00a0This study analyzes the cases relating to one of the hospitals in Northern Italy, during the decade January 2010 &#8211; December 2019, relating to suspected\/reported cases of sexual violence, group sexual violence and sexual acts with minors. This study was carried out by acquiring information relating to subjects who had been victims of a sexual crime through the analysis of the consultations drawn up by specialist medical staff in the submentioned hospital. These consultations are defined by specific medical protocols that must be activated every time a victim of a suspected sexual offense comes into the Emergency Room (ER). The data were processed with descriptive analyzes, the qualitative variables were synthesized with absolute and percentage frequencies, while the quantitative variables with mean and interpolation of the data, to identify a trend line. In order to hypothesize the possible future trend of the phenomenon, data were collected relating to the type of crime according to the Penal Code, gender and age of the victim. This article also outlines future directions for improving research.<\/p>\n<p><em>Results:<\/em>\u00a0Our data show that females, of any age, are the most affected in all sexual crimes, often share home with their aggressor, usually a man, and in most cases, they come to the medical observation without any lesion on their body.<\/p>\n<p><em>Conclusions:<\/em> In order to provide a global vision of the situation and of the diffusion throughout the territory, studies like this one could be carried out in various Italian provinces. Besides, we hope that the high degree of commitment on the part of society and institutions in combating sexual violence, through information campaigns and incitements to report, will lead in a few years to a reduction in the number of victims of repeated violence (especially in family contexts) and, consequently, also in the total number of acts of violence that comes to the attention of the healthcare facilities. Finally, primary prevention of sexual violence must begin early because a substantial portion is experienced at a young age. It will be necessary to prevent these forms of violence with strategies that address known risk factors for perpetration (e.g., low family support, high poverty, low parental education, absent or single parenting, parental substance abuse, domestic violence, low caregiver warmth), by changing social norms and behaviors and by identifying protective factors that could be strengthened<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item references\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Dartnall E, Jewkes R. Sexual violence against women: The scope of the problem. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2013;27:3-13. DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.002<\/p>\n<p>Bows H. Sexual violence against older people: a review of the empirical literature. Trauma Violence Abuse 2018;19:567-83. DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838016683455<\/p>\n<p>Zoja R, Cazzaniga A, Cattaben, CM, Luvoni R. 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DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2018.1486934<\/p>\n<p>Breiding MJ, Smith SG, Basile KC, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. MMWR Surveill Summ 2014;63:1\u201318.<\/p>\n<p>Butler AC. Child sexual assault: Risk factors for girls. Child Abuse Negl 2013;37:643-52. DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.06.009<\/p>\n<p>Davies EA, Jones AC. Risk factors in child sexual abuse. J Forensic Psychiatr 2013;20:146-50.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position: static !important;\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2564 Francesca Maghin Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-8698 Michele Campagnari Hygiene and preventive medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-1576 Giuseppe Ricca Social Service of ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. &#8230; <a title=\"Sexual violence: 10 years of case studies in a hospital in Northern Italy\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2564\/\" aria-label=\"More on Sexual violence: 10 years of case studies in a hospital in Northern Italy\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7578","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sexual violence: 10 years of case studies in a hospital in Northern Italy - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2564\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sexual violence: 10 years of case studies in a hospital in Northern Italy - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2564 Francesca Maghin Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-8698 Michele Campagnari Hygiene and preventive medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-1576 Giuseppe Ricca Social Service of ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. ... 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