{"id":5351,"date":"2023-03-29T08:32:08","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T06:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=5351"},"modified":"2023-04-02T13:59:34","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T11:59:34","slug":"frailty-and-socioeconomic-status-a-systematic-review","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2036\/","title":{"rendered":"Frailty and socioeconomic status: a systematic review"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2036\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2036<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><strong><span class=\"name\">Jiunn Wang<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"affiliation\"><br \/>\nUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Claire Hulme<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0419<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p>The relationship between frailty and socioeconomic status has been widely explored in the literature. A deeper understanding toward the underlying mechanism is required to further assist policy makers in reducing the inequalities. The objective of this study is to systematically review evidence investigating the direct relationship between frailty and socioeconomic status. The review was conducted following the principles of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Among the included studies, 52.38% explored the pattern of frailty in age and 42.86% explored mediators as the pathway variables. With various measures and methodologies, included studies did not point to the same conclusions. In terms of the pattern of frailty in age, we found evidence for the age as leveller hypothesis, the status maintenance hypothesis and the cumulative advantage hypothesis. The included mediators differed across studies. However, we found that these mediators can be categorised into behaviours, health, social factors, material resources and mental status. These categories indicate the important aspects to consider for policies aiming at reducing the inequalities in frailty. To obtain a full picture of the underlying mechanism, future research should harmonise different measures for frailty and socioeconomic indicators and apply more comprehensive sets of mediators.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Clegg A, Bates C, Young J, et al. Development and validation of an electronic frailty index using routine primary care electronic health record data. Age Ageing 2016;45:353-60. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afw039\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afw039<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kojima G, Iliffe S, Walters K. Frailty index as a predictor of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2018;47:193-200. 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Qual Life Res 2017;26:3323-30. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-017-1672-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-017-1672-8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Soler-Vila H, Garc\u00eda-Esquinas E, Le\u00f3n-Mu\u00f1oz LM, et al. Contribution of health behaviours and clinical factors to socioeconomic differences in frailty among older adults. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2016;70:354-60. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2015-206406\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2015-206406<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Marshall A, Nazroo J, Tampubolon G, Vanhoutte B. Cohort differences in the levels and trajectories of frailty among older people in England. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2015;69:316-21. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2014-204655\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2014-204655<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chamberlain AM, St Sauver JL, Jacobson DJ, et al. Social and behavioural factors associated with frailty trajectories in a population-based cohort of older adults. BMJ Open 2016;6:e011410. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011410\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011410<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2036 Jiunn Wang University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom. Claire Hulme University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0419 ABSTRACT The relationship between frailty and socioeconomic status has been widely explored in the literature. A deeper understanding toward the underlying mechanism is required to further assist policy makers in reducing the inequalities. &#8230; <a title=\"Frailty and socioeconomic status: a systematic review\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2036\/\" aria-label=\"More on Frailty and socioeconomic status: a systematic review\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5351","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Frailty and socioeconomic status: a systematic review - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2036\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Frailty and socioeconomic status: a systematic review - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2036 Jiunn Wang University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom. Claire Hulme University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0419 ABSTRACT The relationship between frailty and socioeconomic status has been widely explored in the literature. A deeper understanding toward the underlying mechanism is required to further assist policy makers in reducing the inequalities. ... 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Claire Hulme University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0419 ABSTRACT The relationship between frailty and socioeconomic status has been widely explored in the literature. A deeper understanding toward the underlying mechanism is required to further assist policy makers in reducing the inequalities. ... 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