{"id":5339,"date":"2023-03-29T09:56:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T07:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=5339"},"modified":"2023-04-06T06:37:18","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T04:37:18","slug":"non-compliance-to-social-distancing-during-covid-19-pandemic-a-comparative-cross-sectional-study-between-the-developed-and-developing-countries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2614\/","title":{"rendered":"Non-compliance to social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study between the developed and developing countries"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2614\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2614<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Faiqa Binte Aamir<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-9117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-9117<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Syeda Maria Ahmad Zaidi<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Saadia Abbas<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Syed Roohan Aamir<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Syed Nauman Ahmad Zaidi<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Medical College, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Karishma Kanhya Lal<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Syeda Sadia Fatima<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"affiliation\"><br \/>\nBiological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Background:\u00a0<\/strong>Despite mass vaccination campaigns, the world has seen a steady rise in the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases, with 178,765,626 cases and 3,869,994 COVID-19 related deaths by June 19<sup>th<\/sup>, 2021. Therefore, it is important to enforce social distancing to control its spread. With the variation observed in the severity of the pandemic in different countries, it is also imperative to study the social distancing behaviors amongst the population in developed and developing countries.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nDesign and Methods:\u00a0<\/strong>In this cross-sectional study, a total of 384 participants from 14 different countries were surveyed via an online REDCap form.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nResults:\u00a0<\/strong>In this study, it was highlighted that despite adequate knowledge, the overall compliance to COVID-19 related preventive measures remains poor, the lowest being in the senior age group (\u2265 65 years), and the highest being in adults aged between 25-64 years (p-value =0.003). Population from the developing countries were more compliant to all preventative measures against COVID-19 spread, except for handwashing, where the difference between the two populations remained insignificant (p-value = 0.038, &lt;0.001, 0.016). Socioeconomic status, prior history of COVID-19 infection, or presence of comorbidities did not significantly affect compliance rates, however, participants with no prior history of this infection were found to be more compliant to donning a mask in public as compared to those with a positive history (p-value = 0.044).<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nConclusions:\u00a0<\/strong>Since compliance remains subpar in both the developing and the developed countries, mass campaigns about COVID-19 related preventive measures remain essential in controlling the disease spread.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr 2020;87:281\u20136. 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Educational attainment, at least Bachelor\u2019s or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative) Data. Accessed 2021 Jun 18. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.TER.CUAT.BA.ZS?most_recent_year_desc=false\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.TER.CUAT.BA.ZS?most_recent_year_desc=false<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Al-Hanawi MK, Angawi K, Alshareef N, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2020;8:217. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00217\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00217<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Saurabh K, Ranjan S. Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic. Indian J Pediatr 2020;87:532-6. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-020-03347-3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-020-03347-3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Burgess RA, Osborne RH, Yongabi KA, et al. The COVID-19 vaccines rush: participatory community engagement matters more than ever. Lancet 2021;397:8-10. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32642-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32642-8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Khan YH, Mallhi TH, Alotaibi NH, et al. Threat of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan: The need for measures to neutralize misleading narratives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103:603\u20134. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0654\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0654<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Johns Hopkins Medicine [Internet]. COVID-19 vaccines: Myth versus fact. Accessed 2021 Jun 18. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/coronavirus\/covid-19-vaccines-myth-versus-fact\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/coronavirus\/covid-19-vaccines-myth-versus-fact<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ACOG [Internet]. Medical experts continue to assert that COVID vaccines do not impact fertility. Accessed 2021 Jun 18. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.acog.org\/news\/news-releases\/2021\/02\/medical-experts-assert-covid-vaccines-do-not-impact-fertility\">https:\/\/www.acog.org\/news\/news-releases\/2021\/02\/medical-experts-assert-covid-vaccines-do-not-impact-fertility<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2614 Faiqa Binte Aamir Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-9117 Syeda Maria Ahmad Zaidi Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Saadia Abbas Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Syed Roohan Aamir Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Syed Nauman Ahmad Zaidi Medical College, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. &#8230; <a title=\"Non-compliance to social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study between the developed and developing countries\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2614\/\" aria-label=\"More on Non-compliance to social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study between the developed and developing countries\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5339","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Non-compliance to social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study between the developed and developing countries - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2614\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Non-compliance to social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study between the developed and developing countries - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2614 Faiqa Binte Aamir Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-9117 Syeda Maria Ahmad Zaidi Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Saadia Abbas Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Syed Roohan Aamir Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Syed Nauman Ahmad Zaidi Medical College, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. ... 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Saadia Abbas Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Syed Roohan Aamir Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Syed Nauman Ahmad Zaidi Medical College, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. ... 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