{"id":5333,"date":"2023-03-29T08:50:32","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T06:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=5333"},"modified":"2023-04-06T10:18:17","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T08:18:17","slug":"effectiveness-of-warning-graphic-labels-on-cigarette-packs-in-enhancing-late-teenagers-perceived-fear-of-smoking-related-harms-in-bangkok-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1912\/","title":{"rendered":"Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers\u2019 perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.1912\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.1912<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Surapong Chudech<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span class=\"name\">Piyapong Janmaimool<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"affiliation\"><br \/>\nDepartment of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-3825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-3825<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><em>Background:<\/em>\u00a0This study investigated the level of fear of smoking-related harms for teenagers of different gender, different levels of smoking behaviour, and difference in smoking levels of friends and family members, as influenced by warning graphic images on cigarette packs. The study also compared levels of this fear in categories based on participants\u2019 perception\u00a0<em>(e.g<\/em>., scarier or less scary images).<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nDesign and Methods:<\/em>\u00a0The sample group was 353 undergraduate students at King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi in Bangkok, Thailand. Questionnaires containing 21 warning graphic images, aimed at measuring levels of fear of smoking-related harms, were conducted. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, such as independent and dependent\u00a0<em>t-<\/em>test, were used to analyse the data.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nResults:<\/em>\u00a0The results showed that warning graphic images exhibiting patients suffering from cancers (<em>e.g<\/em>., lung cancer or laryngeal cancer) and images of damaged body parts were perceived as the scariest warning images. In contrast, images that did not illustrate serious disease suffered by smokers were perceived as the least scary images. The scariest images generated a significant higher level of fear of smoking-related harms than the least scary images. In addition, non-smoking participants were more sensitive to scary warning images than smoking participants. It was also found that the level of fear of smoking-related harms was significantly based on individual cognitive judgment, and it was not affected by the influence of social groups such as friends and family members.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nConclusions:<\/em>\u00a0Developing effective warning graphic images could directly contribute to individuals\u2019 perceived health risks and danger associated with smoking.<\/p>\n<div class=\"item author_bios\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Surapong Chudech,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Surapong Chudech is an assistant professor of Social Sciences at King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok City, Thailand. His work focuses on health psychology and education, behavioral change, and smoking behaviors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Piyapong Janmaimool,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Piyapong Janmaimool is an assistant professor of Environmental Education at King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok City, Thailand. He is also an assistant dean for research of School of Liberal Arts. His work centers on environmental risk communication, environmental education, environmental management policies, environmental conservation, and urban studies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item references\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine, et al. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US). 2015. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK310413\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK310413\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017: monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. World Health Organization. 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Piyapong Janmaimool Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-3825 ABSTRACT Background:\u00a0This study investigated the level of fear of smoking-related harms for teenagers &#8230; <a title=\"Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers\u2019 perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1912\/\" aria-label=\"More on Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers\u2019 perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5333","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers\u2019 perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1912\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers\u2019 perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.1912 Surapong Chudech Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand. Piyapong Janmaimool Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-3825 ABSTRACT Background:\u00a0This study investigated the level of fear of smoking-related harms for teenagers ... 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Piyapong Janmaimool Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-3825 ABSTRACT Background:\u00a0This study investigated the level of fear of smoking-related harms for teenagers ... 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