{"id":4804,"date":"2023-03-29T06:37:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T04:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4804"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:00:32","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:00:32","slug":"glutathione-gsh-and-superoxide-dismutase-sod-levels-among-junior-high-school-students-induced-by-indoor-particulate-matter-2-5-pm2-5-and-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-exposure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2372\/","title":{"rendered":"Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among junior high school students induced by indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2372\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2372<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Bambang Wispriyono<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-7297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-7297<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Juliana Jalaludin<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Haryoto Kusnoputranto<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Sasnila Pakpahan<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Center for Industrial and Environmental Health Studies Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Gita Permata Aryati<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Center for Industrial and Environmental Health Studies Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9083-9368\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9083-9368<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Satria Pratama<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Center for Industrial and Environmental Health Studies Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Nurfanida Librianty<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Anna Rozaliyani<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Feni Fitriani Taufik<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-9159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-9159<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Randy Novirsa<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: Indoor air pollution has globally known as the risk factor of acute respiratory infection in young children. \u00a0The exposure to indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2<\/sub>) at house or school can be a potential risk to children\u2019s health. This study aimed to examine the association between indoor PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>with oxidative stress markers in junior high school students.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nDesign and Method<\/strong>: This study was conducted using a cross sectional study with 75 students collected randomly from four junior high schools in Jakarta. \u00a0PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0were measured in classrooms and school yards. The schools were categorized based on the exposure level of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0in classrooms. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were examined from the blood sample. All students were interviewed with questionnaires to determine upper respiratory tract infection, smoking family members, mosquito repellent usage, and dietary supplement consumption.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nResults<\/strong>: Mean concentration of indoor PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0were 0.125\u00b10.036 mg m<sup>-3<\/sup>\u00a0and 36.37\u00b122.33 \u00b5g m<sup>-3<\/sup>, respectively. The schools which located near to highway showed lower PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and higher NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0level indicated the emission of traffic activity. Mean activity of SOD was 96.36\u00b150.94 U mL<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00a0and mean concentration of GSH was of 0.62\u00b10.09 \u00b5g mL<sup>-1<\/sup>. Most of the students reported upper respiratory tract infection history, smoking family member, use mosquito repellent at home, and do not consume dietary supplement.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nConclusion<\/strong>: The level of oxidative stress markers and the exposure categories of classroom PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0was not significantly different, however there were significant correlation with cigarette smoke and mosquito repellent at home. Nevertheless, the exposure of indoor PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0increased the risk of the exposure to cigarette smoke and mosquito repellent at home. Further study on the air pollution at school and home is needed to affirm association towards student\u2019s health and to design strategic control efforts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item addthis\">\n<div class=\"value\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>World Health Organization. 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DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13102818.2005.10817238\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13102818.2005.10817238<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Gould NS, Min E, Gauthier S, et al. Lung glutathione adaptive responses to cigarette smoke exposure. Respir Res 2011;12:133. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1465-9921-12-133\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1465-9921-12-133<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2372 Bambang Wispriyono Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-7297 Juliana Jalaludin Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia. Haryoto Kusnoputranto Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Sasnila Pakpahan Center for Industrial &#8230; <a title=\"Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among junior high school students induced by indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2372\/\" aria-label=\"More on Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among junior high school students induced by indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4804","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among junior high school students induced by indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2372\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among junior high school students induced by indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2372 Bambang Wispriyono Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-7297 Juliana Jalaludin Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia. Haryoto Kusnoputranto Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Sasnila Pakpahan Center for Industrial ... 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Haryoto Kusnoputranto Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Sasnila Pakpahan Center for Industrial ... 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