{"id":4778,"date":"2023-03-27T15:04:51","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T13:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4778"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:15:15","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:15:15","slug":"the-covid-19-incidence-in-italian-regions-correlates-with-low-temperature-mobility-and-pm10-pollution-but-lethality-only-with-low-temperature","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2303\/","title":{"rendered":"The COVID-19 incidence in Italian regions correlates with low temperature, mobility and PM10 pollution but lethality only with low temperature"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2303\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2303<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Mauro Giovanni Carta<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-9687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-9687<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Luigi Minerba<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-9495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-9495<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Roberto Demontis<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Germano Orr\u00f9<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-4431\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-4431<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Ferdinando Romano<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">University La Sapienza, Rome , Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Alessandra Scano<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4385-8002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4385-8002<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Angelo Restivo<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Stefano Del Giacco<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Simona Deidda<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-9727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-9727<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Davide Firnu<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-391X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-391X<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Marcello Campagna<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Occupational Health Section, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Federico Meloni<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Occupational Health Section, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy , Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-2103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-2103<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Giulia Cossu<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Federica Sancassiani<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-5281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-5281<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Luchino Chessa<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Center for the Study of Liver Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9474-0995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9474-0995<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Goce Kalcev<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">International Ph.D. in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0351-6577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0351-6577<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Roberto Littera<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, Area Socio-Sanitaria Locale (ASSL) Cagliari, Azienda per la Tutela della Salute (ATS), Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Luigi Zorcolo<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4086-9144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4086-9144<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Cesar Ivan Aviles-Gonzale<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1566-1974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1566-1974<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Paolo Usai<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, France.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><em>Background<\/em>: The aim was to verify whether the density of particulate matter (PM10), the climate, and the mobility of people can influence the pandemic in the 19 regions and in the two autonomous Italian provinces as incidence rate and lethality.<br \/>\n<em>Design and Methods<\/em>: The incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants and the case fatality ratio (CFR) (dependent variables) in all Italian regions were calculated in January 2021 at John Hopkins University Coronavirus Center. The independent variables were: -Minimum average temperatures in the same month (January) of 2020, -Average pollution of PM10 in the air in each region in the last year available reported on a 0-10 scale to 0 = total absence of PM10 to 10 maximum pollutions. -Number of places in hotels occupied per inhabitants in 2020. Linear regression and Multiple Regression Analysis were carried out.<br \/>\n<em>Results<\/em>: The spread of the COVID-19 in the Italian regions seems to be related to pollution of PM10, the number of beds occupied in hotels (as an index of mobility and temperature (indirect correlation). On the contrary, the CFR correlates inversely with temperature but not with pollution. Measuring the concomitant effect of two independent variables by means of Multiple Regression Analysis, temperature and pollution show a synergistic effect on COVID-19 incidence.<br \/>\n<em>Conclusions<\/em>: The study seems to confirm the literature on the influence of temperature on the lethality of COVID-19 but adds the new results of an inverse relationship between the spread of the virus and low temperature in regions between the Mediterranean area (which includes southern Italy and Sicily and Sardinia islands) and the cold European temperate zone which includes the northern regions under the Alps. A new date also concerns the summation effect of the risk between cold weather and PM10 air pollution was found. Due to several methodic weakness the study has an exploratory than conclusive relevance.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Dong E, Du H, Gardner L. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. 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DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1745017901915010038\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1745017901915010038<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2303 Mauro Giovanni Carta Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-9687 Luigi Minerba Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-9495 Roberto Demontis Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. Germano Orr\u00f9 Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Science, University of &#8230; <a title=\"The COVID-19 incidence in Italian regions correlates with low temperature, mobility and PM10 pollution but lethality only with low temperature\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2303\/\" aria-label=\"More on The COVID-19 incidence in Italian regions correlates with low temperature, mobility and PM10 pollution but lethality only with low temperature\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4778","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The COVID-19 incidence in Italian regions correlates with low temperature, mobility and PM10 pollution but lethality only with low temperature - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2303\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The COVID-19 incidence in Italian regions correlates with low temperature, mobility and PM10 pollution but lethality only with low temperature - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2303 Mauro Giovanni Carta Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-9687 Luigi Minerba Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-9495 Roberto Demontis Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. Germano Orr\u00f9 Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Science, University of ... 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