{"id":4774,"date":"2023-03-29T16:22:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T14:22:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4774"},"modified":"2023-04-02T13:55:36","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T11:55:36","slug":"public-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-towards-antibiotics-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance-in-saudi-arabia-a-web-based-cross-sectional-survey","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2276\/","title":{"rendered":"Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2276\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2276<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Ali Hassan A. Alnasser<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Laboratory, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dhahran 31942, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-1917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-1917<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-2235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-2235<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Hana Ahmed A. Ahmed<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, Sudan.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2156-7869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2156-7869<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Sarah Mohammed H. Alqithami<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Zahrah Mohammed A. Alhaddad<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Health Centers, First Health Cluster in Eastern Province, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-4023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-4023<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Ahoud Said M. Rabiah<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5693-0317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5693-0317<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Maryam Ali A. Albrahim<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Dentistry, Dammam Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1828-9108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1828-9108<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Mohammed Sheker H. Al Kalif<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-1279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-1279<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Mazin Barry<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-007X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-007X<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Mohamad-Hani Temsah<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-9322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-9322<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Zahra Shaker H. Al-Kalaif<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Ophthalmology, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Rubayyi Faris B. Shahadah<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-1879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-1879<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Khulud Khalid S. Alharb<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, The Panuska College of Professional Studies, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-7880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-7880<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Aqeela Ali H. Alnasser<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Al-Awjam First Secondary School for Girls, Al-Qatif Girls Education Office, General Administration of Education in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Education, Qatif, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2549-0790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2549-0790<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><em>Background:<\/em>\u00a0Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general Saudi populations toward antibiotics use.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nDesign and methods:<\/em>\u00a0A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was conducted from January 1 to May 11, 2020, across five major regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants (aged \u226518 years) were invited through social media to complete an online self-structured questionnaire. All data were analyzed by Statistical Package (SPSS v.25). Descriptive statistics, Pearson&#8217;s Chi-squared, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nResults:<\/em>\u00a0Out of 443 participants, the majority (n=309, 69.8%) were females, 294 (64.4%) were married, 176 (39.7%) were 25-34 years of age, 338 (76.3%) were living in the Eastern Province, 313 (70.7%) had college or higher education, 139 (31.4%) were not working, and 163 (36.8%) had a monthly income of USD 800-1330. Overall, most participants demonstrated good knowledge and practice (88% and 85.6%, respectively).\u00a0 However, 76.8%had inadequate attitude score levels towards antibiotics use. Of all the respondents, 74.9% knew that not completing a full course of antibiotics may cause antibiotics resistance, 91.33% did not agree that antibiotics should be accessed without a prescription, and 94.04% will not hand over leftover antibiotics to family members. Factors associated with adequate knowledge were female, medical jobs, and higher income (p&lt;0.05).<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nConclusions:<\/em>\u00a0Our findings revealed that while most participants were aware of antibiotics use and demonstrated good knowledge, good practices, they had negative attitudes towards antibiotics use.<\/p>\n<div class=\"item author_bios\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<p><sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA<\/p>\n<p><sup>4\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Hana Ahmed A. Ahmed,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>5\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Sarah Mohammed H. Alqithami,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>6\u00a0<\/sup>Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Zahrah Mohammed A. Alhaddad,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Health Centers, First Health Cluster in Eastern Province, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>7\u00a0<\/sup>Primary Health Centers, First Health Cluster in Eastern Province, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Ahoud Said M. Rabiah,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>8\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Maryam Ali A. Albrahim,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Dentistry, Dammam Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>9\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Dentistry, Dammam Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Mohammed Sheker H. Al Kalif,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>10<\/sup>\u00a0Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<p><sup>11\u00a0<\/sup>Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Mazin Barry,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>12\u00a0<\/sup>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Mohamad-Hani Temsah,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>13\u00a0<\/sup>Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Zahra Shaker H. Al-Kalaif,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Ophthalmology, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>14\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Ophthalmology, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Rubayyi Faris B. Shahadah,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>15\u00a0<\/sup>College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Khulud Khalid S. Alharbi,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, The Panuska College of Professional Studies, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>16\u00a0<\/sup>College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<p><sup>17\u00a0<\/sup>The Panuska College of Professional Studies, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Aqeela Ali H. Alnasser,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Al-Awjam First Secondary School for Girls, Al-Qatif Girls Education Office, General Administration of Education in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Education, Qatif, Saudi Arabia<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p><sup>18\u00a0<\/sup>Al-Awjam First Secondary School for Girls, Al-Qatif Girls Education Office, General Administration of Education in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Education, Qatif, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item references\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance. Accessed: 2021 Mar 13. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance<\/a><\/p>\n<p>GOV.UK. [Internet]. UK 20-year vision for antimicrobial resistance. Accessed: 2021 Mar 13. 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General practitioners\u2019 accounts of negotiating antibiotic prescribing decisions with patients: a qualitative study on what influences antibiotic prescribing in low, medium and high prescribing practices. BMC Fam Pract 2019;20:172. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-019-1065-x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-019-1065-x<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wang D, Liu C, Wang X, Zhang X. Association between physicians\u2019 perception of shared decision making with antibiotic prescribing behavior in primary care in Hubei, China: A cross-sectional study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020;9:876. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9120876\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9120876<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tirupathi R, Areti S, Salim SA, et al. Acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections: new drugs in ID armamentarium. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2019;9:310\u20133. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20009666.2019.1651482\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20009666.2019.1651482<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2276 Ali Hassan A. Alnasser Department of Laboratory, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dhahran 31942, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-1917 Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, &#8230; <a title=\"Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2276\/\" aria-label=\"More on Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4774","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2276\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2276 Ali Hassan A. Alnasser Department of Laboratory, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dhahran 31942, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-1917 Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, ... 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Alnasser Department of Laboratory, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dhahran 31942, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-1917 Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, ... 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