{"id":4751,"date":"2023-03-28T10:27:55","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T08:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4751"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:08:02","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:08:02","slug":"quantitative-determination-of-epa-and-dha-in-fish-oil-capsules-for-cardiovascular-disease-therapy-in-indonesia-by-gc-ms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2159\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2159\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2159<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Amelia Lorensia<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0606<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Ryanto Budiono<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Rivan Virlando Suryadinata<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Navy Tiarasari<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><em>Background:\u00a0<\/em>The consumption of EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), from fish oil, in the long run, has been observed to have a positive impact on patients with coronary heart disease. Fish oil products, with so much EPA and DHA content are available, and have very variable prices. Therefore, as a therapy to be used for long-term treatment, the cost factor is to be considered.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nDesign and\u00a0<\/em><em>m<\/em><em>ethods<\/em><em>:\u00a0<\/em>This study analyzed the content of EPA and DHA, using GC-MS. The sample to be analyzed was the fish oil that has the lowest price (Product A1), and that of the highest (Product A2). Furthermore, the macroscopic analysis was performed, by observing the physical form including organoleptic and qualitative tests, by reading the fragments identified by EPA and DHA.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nResults:\u00a0<\/em>Clinical trials were conducted on patients (about 46 people), with risk factors and dyslipidemia. Product A1 showed EPA at t<sub>R=\u00a0<\/sub>15.574 min (relative%= 88.49%, similarity= 95%), and DHA at t<sub>R=\u00a0<\/sub>21.714 min (relative%= 88.92%, similarity= 93%). Product A2 showed EPA at t<sub>R=\u00a0<\/sub>28.719 min (relative%= 22.58%, similarity= 89%), and DHA at t<sub>R=\u00a0<\/sub>32.327 min (relative%= 22.87%, similarity= 90%), which meant that both had EPA and DHA contents, in accordance with their labels. Both products were confirmed to reduce total cholesterol in 4weeks (p=0.000, p= 0.000), with no significant difference in their effectiveness (p=0.652).<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nConclusion<\/em><em>:\u00a0<\/em>The results showed that both the A1 and A2 products, had the EPA and DHA contents in accordance with their respective labels. However, with the A2 product having a percentage relatively higher than that of the A1 brand, both are equally very effective.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Word Health Organization. Cardiovascular Disease. Geneva: Word Health Organization; 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013 (Basic Health Research 2013)].[in Indonesian]. Jakarta: Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia; 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Center for Data and Information of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. [Situasi Kesehatan Jantung (Heart health situation)].[in Indonesian]. 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Risk factors for coronary artery disease: Historical perspectives. Heart Views 2017;18:109\u201314. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17<\/a><\/p>\n<p>So JH, Lee JK, Shin JY, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease using Framingham risk score in Korean cancer survivors. Korean J Fam Med 2016;37:235\u201341. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4082\/kjfm.2016.37.4.235\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4082\/kjfm.2016.37.4.235<\/a><\/p>\n<p>D\u2019Agostino RB, Pencina MJ, Massaro JM, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk assessment: Insights from Framingham. Global Heart 2013;8:11\u201323. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.01.001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.01.001<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Indonesian Association of Cardiovascular Specialists. Panduan Tata Laksana Dislipidemia 2017 (Guidelines for Dyslipidemia Management 2017)].[in Indonesian]. 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Lipids Health Dis 2020;19:1\u201312. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-020-1189-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-020-1189-y<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nejad AM, Bikdeli B. Omega-3 supplements and cardiovascular disease. Tanaffos 2014;13:6\u201314.<\/p>\n<p>Zibaeenezhad MJ, Ghavipisheh M, Attar A, et al. Comparison of the effect of omega-3 supplements and fresh fish on lipid profile: a randomized, open-labeled trial. Nutr Diabetes 2017;7:1\u20138. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-017-0007-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-017-0007-8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Colussi G, Catena C, Novello M, et al. Impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function and blood pressure: Relevance for cardiovascular outcomes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017;27:191\u2013200. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.07.011\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.07.011<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pizzini A, Lunger L, Demetz E, et al. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in reverse cholesterol transport: A review. Nutrients 2017;9:1\u201312. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9101099\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9101099<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2159 Amelia Lorensia Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0606 Ryanto Budiono Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. Rivan Virlando Suryadinata Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. Navy Tiarasari Undergraduate Student, &#8230; <a title=\"Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2159\/\" aria-label=\"More on Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4751","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/2159\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2021.2159 Amelia Lorensia Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0606 Ryanto Budiono Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. Rivan Virlando Suryadinata Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. Navy Tiarasari Undergraduate Student, ... 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Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0606 Ryanto Budiono Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. Rivan Virlando Suryadinata Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. Navy Tiarasari Undergraduate Student, ... 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