{"id":4503,"date":"2023-03-28T12:06:09","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T10:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4503"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:07:44","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:07:44","slug":"assessment-of-sars-cov-2-infection-through-rapid-serology-testing-in-the-homeless-population-in-the-city-of-rome-italy-preliminary-results","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1986\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1986<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Massimo Ralli<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0421<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Chiara Cedola<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Suleika Urbano<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Ottavio Latini<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Natalia Shkodina<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Aldo Morrone<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Scientific Director, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-8996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-8996<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Andrea Arcangeli<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Direzione di Sanit\u00e0 ed Igiene, Vatican City State.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Lucia Ercoli<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><em>Background<\/em>: The development of COVID-19 pandemic has affected all segments of the population; however, it had a significant impact on vulnerable subjects, such as in people experiencing homelessness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 spread in homeless persons in the city of Rome, Italy.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nDesign and Methods<\/em>: Patients included in the study underwent a clinical evaluation and rapid antibody analysis on capillary blood for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Symptomatic patients were not included in the screening and immediately referred to local hospitals for further evaluation.<br \/>\n<em>Results<\/em><em>:<\/em>\u00a0One-hundred seventy-three patients of both sexes were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serological test. Age range was 8-80 years; people came from 35 different countries of origin and 4 continents. Test results were negative for most patients (170-98.2%); two patients had positive IgM (1.2%) and one patient had positive IgG (0.6%).<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nConclusions:<\/em>\u00a0Our study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people experiencing homelessness in the city of Rome, Italy. Most patients were negative for COVID-19, although several factors may have had an impact on this result, such as the exclusion of symptomatic patients, the limited sensitivity of rapid serological tests in the initial stage of infection and the prevention measures adopted in these populations. Larger studies on fragile populations are needed to prevent and intercept new clusters of infection in the upcoming months.<\/p>\n<div class=\"item author_bios\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Massimo Ralli,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Chiara Cedola,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Suleika Urbano,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Natalia Shkodina,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Andrea Arcangeli,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Direzione di Sanit\u00e0 ed Igiene<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Lucia Ercoli,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Istituto di Medicina Solidale, Rome, Italy; Direzione di Sanit\u00e0 ed Igiene, Vatican City State; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item references\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Tsai J, Wilson M. COVID-19: a potential public health problem for homeless populations. Lancet Public Health 2020;5:e186-e7. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30053-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30053-0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bodkin C, Mokashi V, Beal K, et al. Pandemic planning in homeless shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings. Clin Infect Dis 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Lewer D, Braithwaite I, Bullock M, et al. COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness in England: a modelling study. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:1181-91. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30396-9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30396-9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Schiff R, Buccieri K, Schiff JW, et al. COVID-19 and pandemic planning in the context of rural and remote homelessness. Can J Public Health 2020. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00415-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00415-1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Albon D, Soper M, Haro A. Potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the homeless population. Chest 2020;158:477-8. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.057\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.057<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mosites E, Parker EM, Clarke KEN, et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in homeless shelters &#8211; Four U.S. Cities, March 27-April 15, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:521-2. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lima NNR, de Souza RI, Feitosa PWG, et al. People experiencing homelessness: Their potential exposure to COVID-19. Psychiatry Res 2020;288:112945. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112945\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112945<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ralli M, Cedola C, Urbano S, et al.Homeless persons and migrants in precarious housing conditions and COVID-19 pandemic: peculiarities and prevention strategies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020;24:9765-7.<\/p>\n<p>Miller JP, Phillips G, Hutton J, et al. COVID-19 and emergency care for adults experiencing homelessness. Emerg Med Australas 2020;32:1084-6. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1742-6723.13652\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1742-6723.13652<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Flook M, Grohmann S, Stagg HR. Hard to reach: COVID-19 responses and the complexities of homelessness. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:1160-1. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30446-X\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30446-X<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Karb R, Samuels E, Vanjani R, et al. Homeless shelter characteristics and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. West J Emerg Med 2020;21:1048-53. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2020.7.48725\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2020.7.48725<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Yoon JC, Montgomery MP, Buff AM, et al. COVID-19 prevalence among people experiencing homelessness and homelessness service staff during early community transmission in Atlanta, Georgia, April-May 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2020. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1340\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1340<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Barbieri A. CoViD-19 in Italy: homeless population needs protection. Recenti Prog Med 2020;111:295-6.<\/p>\n<p>Grove BP, Ver C, Mohanan S. COVID-19&#8217;s impact on health disparities. Am Fam Physician 2020;102:326.<\/p>\n<p>Mesa Vieira C, Franco OH, Gomez Restrepo C, Abel T. COVID-19: The forgotten priorities of the pandemic. Maturitas 2020;136:38-41. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.04.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.04.004<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Perri M, Dosani N, Hwang SW. COVID-19 and people experiencing homelessness: challenges and mitigation strategies. CMAJ 2020;192:e716-9. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.200834\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.200834<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Imbert E, Kinley PM, Scarborough A, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a San Francisco homeless shelter. Clin Infect Dis 2020. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1071\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1071<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kelly D, Murphy H, Vadlamudi R, et al. Successful public health measures preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a Michigan homeless shelter. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.439\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.439<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tobolowsky FA, Gonzales E, Self JL, et al. COVID-19 outbreak among three affiliated homeless service sites &#8211; King County, Washington, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:523-6. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tsai J, Gelberg L, Rosenheck RA. Changes in physical health after supported housing: results from the collaborative initiative to end chronic homelessness. J Gen Intern Med 2019;34:1703-8. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05070-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05070-y<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Maremmani AG, Bacciardi S, Gehring ND, et al. Substance use among homeless individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2017;205:173-7. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000462\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000462<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Gelberg L, Andersen RM, Leake BD. The behavioral model for vulnerable populations: application to medical care use and outcomes for homeless people. Health Serv Res 2000;34:1273-302.<\/p>\n<p>De Maio G, Van den Bergh R, Garelli S, et al. Reaching out to the forgotten: providing access to medical care for the homeless in Italy. Int Health 2014;6:93-8. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihu002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihu002<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Laurenti P, Bruno S, Quaranta G, et al. Tuberculosis in sheltered homeless population of Rome: an integrated model of recruitment for risk management. ScientificWorldJournal 2012;2012:396302. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1100\/2012\/396302\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1100\/2012\/396302<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Atella V, Deb P, Kopinska J. Heterogeneity in long term health outcomes of migrants within Italy. J Health Econ 2019;63:19-33. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2018.10.002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2018.10.002<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Di Meco E, Di Napoli A, Amato LM, et al. Infectious and dermatological diseases among arriving migrants on the Italian coasts. Eur J Public Health 2018;28:910-6. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/cky126\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/cky126<\/a><\/p>\n<p>D&#8217;Egidio V, Mipatrini D, Massetti AP, et al. How are the undocumented migrants in Rome? Assessment of quality of life and its determinants among migrant population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017;39:440-6.<\/p>\n<p>Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, Takwoingi Y, et al. Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;6:CD013652. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013652\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013652<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ong DSY, de Man SJ, Lindeboom FA, Koeleman JGM. Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 presenting to the hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:1094. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.028\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.028<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Van Elslande J, Houben E, Depypere M, et al. Diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG\/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA\/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:1082-7. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.023\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.023<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Moura DTH, McCarty TR, Ribeiro IB, et al. Diagnostic characteristics of serological-based COVID-19 testing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020;75:e2212. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e2212\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e2212<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lisboa Bastos M, Tavaziva G, Abidi SK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020;370:m2516. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m2516\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m2516<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Esposito S, Principi N, Leung CC, Migliori GB. Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies. Eur Respir J 2020;55:2001260. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01260-2020\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01260-2020<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1986 Massimo Ralli Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0421 Chiara Cedola Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Suleika Urbano Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Ottavio Latini San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Natalia Shkodina Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Aldo Morrone Scientific Director, &#8230; <a title=\"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/\" aria-label=\"More on Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4503","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1986 Massimo Ralli Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0421 Chiara Cedola Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Suleika Urbano Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Ottavio Latini San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Natalia Shkodina Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Aldo Morrone Scientific Director, ... Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-02T12:07:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/\",\"name\":\"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results - Journal of Public Health Research\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-28T10:06:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-02T12:07:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/\",\"name\":\"Journal of Public Health Research\",\"description\":\"The Journal of Public Health Research is an online Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in the field of public health science. The scope of the journal is to stimulate debate and spreading of knowledge in this area in order to improve public health.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Journal of Public Health Research\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png\",\"width\":150,\"height\":114,\"caption\":\"Journal of Public Health Research\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.citefactor.org\/journal\/index\/5410\/journal-of-public-health-research#.ZD-hS-xBx3k\",\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100790524&amp;amp;tip=sid&amp;amp;clean=0\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results - Journal of Public Health Research","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results - Journal of Public Health Research","og_description":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1986 Massimo Ralli Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.\u00a0https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0421 Chiara Cedola Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Suleika Urbano Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Ottavio Latini San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Natalia Shkodina Primary Care Services, Eleemosynaria Apostolica, Vatican City State. Aldo Morrone Scientific Director, ... Read more","og_url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/","og_site_name":"Journal of Public Health Research","article_modified_time":"2023-04-02T12:07:44+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/","name":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results - Journal of Public Health Research","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-03-28T10:06:09+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-02T12:07:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1986\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the City of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/","name":"Journal of Public Health Research","description":"The Journal of Public Health Research is an online Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in the field of public health science. The scope of the journal is to stimulate debate and spreading of knowledge in this area in order to improve public health.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization","name":"Journal of Public Health Research","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png","width":150,"height":114,"caption":"Journal of Public Health Research"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.citefactor.org\/journal\/index\/5410\/journal-of-public-health-research#.ZD-hS-xBx3k","https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100790524&amp;amp;tip=sid&amp;amp;clean=0"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4503\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}