{"id":4468,"date":"2023-03-28T01:17:07","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T23:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4468"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:11:34","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:11:34","slug":"undocumented-migrants-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-social-conditions-clinical-features-and-pharmacological-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1852\/","title":{"rendered":"Undocumented migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic: social conditions, clinical features and pharmacological treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1852\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1852<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Gianfrancesco Fiorini<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Carate, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5468-4063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5468-4063<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Antonello E. Rigamonti<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-9108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-9108<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Charilaos Galanopoulos<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Martina Adamoli<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Opera San Francesco per i Poveri, Milan, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Emanuela Ciriaco<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Opera San Francesco per i Poveri, Milan, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Matteo Franchi<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Milan, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-8057\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-8057<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Eleonora Genovese<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Giovanni Corrao<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Milan, Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Silvano G. Cella<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"affiliation\">Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, and National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Milan, Italy.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-3766\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-3766<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p>Population groups such as undocumented migrants have been almost completely forgotten during the COVID-19 pandemic, though they have been living in all European countries for decades and new arrivals have continued throughout the pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate their health conditions during the current pandemic. We analysed the records of 272 patients with respiratory issues attending the outpatient clinic of a large charity in Milan, Italy: amongst them, 18 had COVID-19 confirmed by rhino-pharyngeal swab and 1 of them deceased. All the patients attending the clinic appeared to have several risk factors for COVID-19 and chronic conditions suspected to predispose to the disease and\/or to worsen severity and outcomes: hypertension, immunosuppression and previous close contact with COVID-19 patients were the most important ones. Presenting symptoms were worse in patients with COVID-19 than in those with other respiratory issues. These results are discussed in light of the necessity to provide better healthcare to undocumented migrants.<\/p>\n<div class=\"item author_bios\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Matteo Franchi,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Milan<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sub_item\">\n<div class=\"label\">Giovanni Corrao,\u00a0<span class=\"affiliation\">National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Milan<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item references\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Tabish SA. 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Smoking upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 841. doi:10.3390\/jcm9030841 DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9030841\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9030841<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vardavas CI, NikitaraK. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis 2020;18(March):20. doi: 10.18332\/tid\/119324 DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tid\/119324\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tid\/119324<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The UN Refugee Agency. Operational portal refugee situations -Mediterranean route. 2020. Available at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data2.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/mediterranean\">https:\/\/data2.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/mediterranean;<\/a>\u00a0accessed on June 16, 2020<\/p>\n<p>Spagnolo P, Balestro E, Aliberti S, et al. Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? Lancet Respir Med 2020; published online May 15. doi: 10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30225-3. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30225-3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30225-3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Keith L, Van Ginneken E. Restricting access to the NHS for undocumented migrants is bad policy at high cost. BMJ 2015;350:h3056. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.h3056 DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h3056\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h3056<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1852 Gianfrancesco Fiorini Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Carate, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5468-4063 Antonello E. Rigamonti Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-9108 Charilaos Galanopoulos Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, &#8230; <a title=\"Undocumented migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic: social conditions, clinical features and pharmacological treatment\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1852\/\" aria-label=\"More on Undocumented migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic: social conditions, clinical features and pharmacological treatment\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4468","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Undocumented migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic: social conditions, clinical features and pharmacological treatment - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1852\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Undocumented migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic: social conditions, clinical features and pharmacological treatment - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1852 Gianfrancesco Fiorini Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Carate, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5468-4063 Antonello E. Rigamonti Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-9108 Charilaos Galanopoulos Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, ... 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Rigamonti Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-9108 Charilaos Galanopoulos Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, ... 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