{"id":4460,"date":"2023-03-28T14:47:24","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T12:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4460"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:06:38","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:06:38","slug":"school-bag-weight-and-the-occurrence-of-back-pain-among-elementary-school-children","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1841\/","title":{"rendered":"School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1841\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1841<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Semuel Layuk<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya; Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Tri Martiana<\/strong><br \/>\nDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p>Background: Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study material, although the heavy bags are often associated with musculoskeletal problems, especially back pain. This practice requires strength, which significantly changes the body posture and walking pattern, subsequently leading to the incidence of back pain as a side effect. The aim of this study, therefore, is to analyze the differences in bag loads between elementary school children in urban and suburban area, and also analyze the relationship with the occurrence of back pain.<\/p>\n<p>Design and methods: This was a cross sectional study, which used stratified random sampling to choose 2 elementary schools each representing the urban and suburban areas. Furthermore, a total sample of 164 students were selected, whose school bag weight were measured for 5 consecutive days, particularly in the morning on respondents arrival at school. Moreover, the occurrence of back pain was evaluated using a modified Nordic map, and data analysis required the use of independent sample analysis t test and \u03c72 test.<br \/>\nResults: The results showed the presence of highly significant differences in the school bags weight of respondents in the urban and suburban areas, as well as between schools using the 2013 curriculum and otherwise.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a correlation between the weight measured and the occurrence of back pain, hence the 2013 curriculum is recommended to be adopted by all elementary schools. Also, the use of lockers to store items used at school repeatedly by children is also highly encouraged.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1841 Semuel Layuk Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya; Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia. Tri Martiana Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Background: Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study &#8230; <a title=\"School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1841\/\" aria-label=\"More on School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4460","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1841\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1841 Semuel Layuk Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya; Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia. Tri Martiana Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Background: Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study ... 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Tri Martiana Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Background: Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study ... 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