{"id":4413,"date":"2023-03-28T14:10:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T12:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/?p=4413"},"modified":"2023-04-02T14:06:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T12:06:49","slug":"public-attitudes-towards-e-cigarette-regulations-and-policies-in-taiwan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/","title":{"rendered":"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1698\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1698<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"item authors\">\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Chin-Shui Shih<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-2356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-2356<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"name\"><strong>Jean-Francois Etter<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"affiliation\">Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-3157\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-3157<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<h3 class=\"label\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: There are various approaches to e-cigarette regulation globally. In Taiwan, the term \u201ce-cigarette\u201d is not found in existing regulations, but health authorities apply explanatory notes derived from standing laws to e-cigarette. Taiwan health authority is in the process of regulative reform to include \u201ce-cigarette\u201d in standing tobacco law. Our objective was to investigate the public\u2019s attitudes towards potential policy options for e-cigarette regulations in Taiwan.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nDesign and Methods<\/strong>: We conduct an anonymous online survey in the general public. A questionnaire in Mandarin was posted on the website Stop-tabac.ch between July and November 2017.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nResults<\/strong>: Participants (n=236) were mostly male, young, highly educated, employed, and smoked or had smoked cigarettes in the past. Half were e-cigarette users. Four measures banning e-cigarettes, labelling content and nicotine level and establishing a maximum-allowable nicotine level were supported by more than 70% of participants. Vaping status was strongly associated with support for most measures after controlling for other factors in multivariate models.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nConclusion<\/strong>: We documented attitudes of a self-selected sample of the general public in Taiwan regarding e-cigarette regulations and policies. These results may be useful to design studies in more representative samples and to inform e-cigarette regulations, policies and education campaigns.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"label\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n<div class=\"value\">\n<p>Kennedy RD, Awopegba A, Le\u00f3n ED, Cohen JE. Global approaches to regulating electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2017;26:440\u20135. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053179\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053179<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ministry of Health and Welfare HPA. Tobacco hazards prevention act. Jan 23, 2009. Version in English. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/Bhpnet\/web\/rule\/LawShow.aspx?No=201406110001\">http:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/Bhpnet\/web\/rule\/LawShow.aspx?No=201406110001<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ministry of Finance. Tobacco and alcohol tax act &#8211; Article Content &#8211; Laws &amp; Regulations Database of The Republic of China, 2017. Accessed on: 2019 May 1. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.moj.gov.tw\/ENG\/LawClass\/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0330010\">https:\/\/law.moj.gov.tw\/ENG\/LawClass\/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0330010<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Meeting Report of the Consultation on e-cigarette regulation. 2009.<\/p>\n<p>Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare. Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Dec 2015. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.moj.gov.tw\/ENG\/LawClass\/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0030001\">https:\/\/law.moj.gov.tw\/ENG\/LawClass\/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0030001<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. E-cigarettes in the form of tobacco smoking pipe. 2014. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/health99.hpa.gov.tw\/flipbook\/21814\/index.html#p=31<\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Multi-sectoral Joint Efforts on E-cigarettes. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/health99.hpa.gov.tw\/flipbook\/21814\/index.html#p=24<\/p>\n<p>Kaohsiung High Administrative Court. No.19 Chien-Shan 106. 2017. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/jirs.judicial.gov.tw\/FJUD\/index_1_S.aspx?p=tRrzEQzh7pSBsukxB%2FFCi5a05biJ758LINVTLPymY0k%3D\">http:\/\/jirs.judicial.gov.tw\/FJUD\/index_1_S.aspx?p=tRrzEQzh7pSBsukxB%2fFCi5a05biJ758LINVTLPymY0k%3d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kaohsiung High Administrative Court. No. 31 Chien-Shan 106. 2017. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/jirs.judicial.gov.tw\/FJUD\/index_1_S.aspx?p=tRrzEQzh7pTmyQfmBE3J%2FjC%2BKyzFBkeWuj8iKUQyqWc%3D\">http:\/\/jirs.judicial.gov.tw\/FJUD\/index_1_S.aspx?p=tRrzEQzh7pTmyQfmBE3J%2fjC%2bKyzFBkeWuj8iKUQyqWc%3d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Institute for Global Tobacco Control. Country Laws Regulating E-cigarettes: A Policy Scan. 2018. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/globaltobaccocontrol.org\/e-cigarette\/country-laws-regulating-e-cigarettes\">http:\/\/globaltobaccocontrol.org\/e-cigarette\/country-laws-regulating-e-cigarettes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. E-cigarettes Page. 2013. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/Pages\/List.aspx?nodeid=444\">https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/Pages\/List.aspx?nodeid=444<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chen P-C, Chang L-C, Hsu C, Lee Y-C. Dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes among adolescents in Taiwan, 2014-2016. Nicotine Tob Res 2019;21:48-54. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/nty003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/nty003<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chen P-C, Chang L-C, Hsu C, Lee Y-C. Electronic cigarette use and attempts to quit smoking cigarettes among adolescents in Taiwan. J Adolesc Health 2019;64:99-106. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.07.008\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.07.008<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chang H-C, Tsai Y-W, Shiu M-N, et al. Elucidating challenges that electronic cigarettes pose to tobacco control in Asia: a population-based national survey in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017;7:e014263. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014263\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014263<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shih C-S, Etter J-F. The profile of e-cigarette users: Results of an online survey in Taiwan. Asia Pac J Health Sci 2019;2019:219-27.<\/p>\n<p>Jiang TH, Cheng LM, Hawkins MA. A study of regulatory policies and relevant issues concerning electronic cigarette use in Taiwan. Int J Health Plann Manage 2017;33:e119-30. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpm.2440\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpm.2440<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Gao W, Sanna M, Huang L-L, et al. Juggling two balls &#8211; Smoking (re)normalization and harm reduction: E-cigarettes &#8211; Facts and misconceptions in Taiwan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2018;30:328-31. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539518773479\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539518773479<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. E-cigarettes pose threat to teen health: HPA. 2016. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/EngPages\/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1038&amp;pid=10547\">https:\/\/www.hpa.gov.tw\/EngPages\/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1038&amp;pid=10547<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wackowski OA, Delnevo CD. Smokers\u2019 attitudes and support for e-cigarette policies and regulation in the USA. Tob Control 2015;24:543\u20136. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051953\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051953<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Brose LS, Partos TR, Hitchman SC, McNeill A. Support for e-cigarette policies: a survey of smokers and ex-smokers in Great Britain. Tob Control 2017;26:e7-15. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-052987\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-052987<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wright KB. Researching internet-based populations: Advantages and disadvantages of online survey research, online questionnaire authoring software packages, and web survey services. J Comput-Mediat Commun 2005. doi: 10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00259.x DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00259.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00259.x<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Taiwan Network Information Center. A survey on broadband internet usage in Taiwan &#8211; A summary report. 2017. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.twnic.net.tw\/download\/200307\/20170721d.pdf\">https:\/\/www.twnic.net.tw\/download\/200307\/20170721d.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Taiwan Tobacco Control Annual Report 2018. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/health99.hpa.gov.tw\/media\/public\/pdf\/22077.pdf\">https:\/\/health99.hpa.gov.tw\/media\/public\/pdf\/22077.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Preview: Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act. 2017. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/join.gov.tw\/policies\/detail\/4c5cbfeb-a093-46fc-8f9b-f7aad0a19af2\">https:\/\/join.gov.tw\/policies\/detail\/4c5cbfeb-a093-46fc-8f9b-f7aad0a19af2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Executive Yuan. The Executive Yuan approved the amended draft of Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act. 2.16.886.101.20003. 2017. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ey.gov.tw\/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&amp;s=ABF2096B17CC2940\">https:\/\/www.ey.gov.tw\/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&amp;s=ABF2096B17CC2940<\/a><\/p>\n<p>WHO. Taxation. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/tobacco\/economics\/taxation\/en\/\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/tobacco\/economics\/taxation\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Gov.uk [Internet]. Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018: executive summary. 2018. Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-evidence-review\/evidence-review-of-e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-2018-executive-summary\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-evidence-review\/evidence-review-of-e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-2018-executive-summary<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dockrell M, Morrison R, Bauld L, McNeill A. E-cigarettes: prevalence and attitudes in Great Britain. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:1737-44. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntt057\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntt057<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tan ASL, Bigman CA. E-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness: prevalence and associations with smoking-cessation outcomes. Am J Prev Med 2014;47:141-9. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.02.011\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.02.011<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1698 Chin-Shui Shih Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-2356 Jean-Francois Etter Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-3157 ABSTRACT Background: There are various approaches to e-cigarette regulation globally. In Taiwan, the term \u201ce-cigarette\u201d is not found in existing regulations, but health authorities apply explanatory &#8230; <a title=\"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/\" aria-label=\"More on Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4413","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan - Journal of Public Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan - Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1698 Chin-Shui Shih Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-2356 Jean-Francois Etter Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-3157 ABSTRACT Background: There are various approaches to e-cigarette regulation globally. In Taiwan, the term \u201ce-cigarette\u201d is not found in existing regulations, but health authorities apply explanatory ... Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Journal of Public Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-02T12:06:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/\",\"name\":\"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan - Journal of Public Health Research\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-28T12:10:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-02T12:06:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/\",\"name\":\"Journal of Public Health Research\",\"description\":\"The Journal of Public Health Research is an online Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in the field of public health science. The scope of the journal is to stimulate debate and spreading of knowledge in this area in order to improve public health.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Journal of Public Health Research\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png\",\"width\":150,\"height\":114,\"caption\":\"Journal of Public Health Research\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.citefactor.org\/journal\/index\/5410\/journal-of-public-health-research#.ZD-hS-xBx3k\",\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100790524&amp;amp;tip=sid&amp;amp;clean=0\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan - Journal of Public Health Research","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan - Journal of Public Health Research","og_description":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1698 Chin-Shui Shih Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-2356 Jean-Francois Etter Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-3157 ABSTRACT Background: There are various approaches to e-cigarette regulation globally. In Taiwan, the term \u201ce-cigarette\u201d is not found in existing regulations, but health authorities apply explanatory ... Read more","og_url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/","og_site_name":"Journal of Public Health Research","article_modified_time":"2023-04-02T12:06:49+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/","name":"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan - Journal of Public Health Research","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-03-28T12:10:11+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-02T12:06:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/view\/1698\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/","name":"Journal of Public Health Research","description":"The Journal of Public Health Research is an online Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in the field of public health science. The scope of the journal is to stimulate debate and spreading of knowledge in this area in order to improve public health.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#organization","name":"Journal of Public Health Research","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Favicon-JPHRES.png","width":150,"height":114,"caption":"Journal of Public Health Research"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.citefactor.org\/journal\/index\/5410\/journal-of-public-health-research#.ZD-hS-xBx3k","https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=21100790524&amp;amp;tip=sid&amp;amp;clean=0"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4413\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jphres.us.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}